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3753 Cruithne
3753 Cruithne (〔 or )〔Modern Irish (:ˈkrɪhnʲə), (:ˈkrɪnʲə), or (:ˈkrʊnʲə); Old Irish 〕 is a Q-type, Aten asteroid in orbit around the Sun in 1:1 orbital resonance with Earth, making it a co-orbital object. It is a minor planet in solar orbit that, relative to Earth, orbits in a bean-shaped orbit that ultimately effectively describes a horseshoe, and which can transition into a quasi-satellite orbit. It has been incorrectly called "Earth's second moon".〔For instance, on the British television show ''Q.I.'' ((Episode 2 ), Season 1; aired 11 Sept 2003).〕〔"More Mathematical Astronomy Morsels" (2002) ISBN 0-943396-74-3, Jean Meeus, chapter 38: ''Cruithne, an asteroid with a remarkable orbit''〕 Cruithne does not orbit Earth and at times it is on the other side of the Sun.〔 Its orbit takes it inside the orbit of Mercury and outside the orbit of Mars.〔 Cruithne orbits the Sun in about 1 year but it takes 770 years for the series to complete a horseshoe-shaped movement around the Earth.〔
The name ''Cruithne'' is from Old Irish and refers to the early Picts (Irish: ''Cruthin'') in the ''Annals of Ulster''〔(Cruithne: Asteroid 3753 ). Western Washington University Planetarium. Retrieved January 27, 2011.〕 and their eponymous king ("Cruidne, son of Cinge") in the ''Pictish Chronicle''.
== Discovery ==
Cruithne was discovered on October 10, 1986, by Duncan Waldron on a photographic plate taken with the UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Coonabarabran, Australia. The 1983 apparition (1983 UH) is credited to Giovanni de Sanctis and Richard M. West of the European Southern Observatory in Chile.
It was not until 1997 that its unusual orbit was determined by Paul Wiegert and Kimmo Innanen, working at York University in Toronto, and Seppo Mikkola, working at the University of Turku in Finland.
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